Numerical Canal Seepage Loss Evaluation for Different Lining and Crack Techniques in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the River Nile, Egypt

Owing to the potential negative impacts of climatic changes and grand Ethiopian renaissance dam, water scarcity has become an urgent issue. Therefore, Egyptian Ministry Water Resources Irrigation started a national project lining rehabilitation canals, reduce seepage losses for efficient resource management. This study presents new approach assessing three different crack techniques Ismailia canal, largest end river Nile, Egypt. A 2-D steady state seep/w numerical model was developed canal section, in stretch at 28.00–49.00 km. The amount significantly dependent on hydraulic characteristics liner material. extraction from aquifers via wells also had considerable impact rate unlined canals; however, lesser effect present case lined canals. concrete revealed highest efficiency, followed by geomembrane liner, then bentonite liner; with almost 99%, 96%, 54%, respectively, without extraction, decreasing 4% liners during extraction; efficiency did not change considerably. Nevertheless, dramatically decreased 25%, regardless technique, deterioration double both material aquifer showed 16% irrespective utilized technique.